Intellectualism vs. Voluntarism

Th intellectualist emphasis on the mind argued that reason was more fundamental than choice; in other words, the mind determines the will. God’s nature or character, therefore, governed the way that he chose to shape the created order. In this intellectualist view, God built an unchangeable natural law that reflected his character into creation. That law was unchangeable because God’s nature was immutable. The voluntarist emphasis on the will, on the other hand, was more arbitrary, in that voluntarists thought that God made the world according to principles he chose rather than principles he knew according to his own nature. God’s decisions, which were utterly free, determined how the world would work, and the law was not necessarily unchangeable, since God’s will determined its contents.

 

Harrison Perkins, Catholicity and the Covenant of Works (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2020), 5