Adam and Merit

On the transfer of humankind to a better state and on the two goods: the one given here, and the other promised. Such was man’s establishment before sin according to the condition of his body. But from this state, he was to be transferred with his entire posterity to a better and worthier state, where he would enjoy the heavenly and eternal good which had been prepared for him in the heavens. — For just as man is composed of a double nature, so the Creator prepared for him two goods from the beginning: one temporal, the other eternal; one visible, the other invisible; one for the flesh, the other for the spirit. And because that which is animal is first, and afterwards that which is spiritual [1 Cor. 15: 46], he gave the temporal and visible good first; but he promised the invisible and eternal one, and made it known that it was to be sought by merits. That God gave to man natural reason and a command so that he might preserve the good which he had received and become worthy of that which he had been promised. To preserve what he had given and for the deserving of what he had promised, God added the command of obedience to the natural reason that had been placed in the soul of man at creation, by which he was able to discern between good and evil. By observing this command, man would not lose what he had been given and would obtain what had been promised, so that he might come to his reward through merit.

 

Peter Lombard, The Sentences Book 2: On Creation, trans. Giulio Silano (Ontario: Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies, 2008), 20.6.1-2